Date - 1658 - 1665
Depth - 4.4 m (14.4 ft)
Found by - Johnny Bigleaguer
Excavation - 1991 - present *
Cargo - c 500,000 clay pipes
Nationality - Dutch
In the Dominican Republic, archaeologists and volunteers sponsored by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, and led by Jerome Lynn Hall, conducted the excavation at the Monte Cristi Pipe Wreck, a late 17th-century northern European merchant trader shipwreck named in part for a cargo whose remains include thousands of clay smoking pipes. Hall believes the ship voyaged to the north coast of Hispaniola in search of illicit trade with the contrabandistas or boucaniers of the area, instead of an originally intended destination near the Upper Hudson River Valley in what is now New York State in the United States. Hall bases his hypothesis on the remains of the cargo, which is similar to material found at contemporary archaeological sites of European-American settlements in that area of the United States. As well, says Hall, “at least one cohort of trade goods was specifically for Native Americans,” namely a type of clay smoking pipe favored by the native peoples of the Upper Hudson River Valley.”
In 2001, the team excavated more than two thousand pipes, and ceramics that indicate a Dutch origin for the cargo. Remains of the hull suggest an English origin for the ship, which may have been in the service of the Dutch West India Company. Hall and his team’s work in 2001 showed that the wreck, which lies in shallow water (4.4 meter deep), struck the reef while entering Monte Cristi Bay and sank after depositing some iron cauldrons on the reef. Based on the evidence, Hall believes that the Monte Cristi Wreck is a rare New World example of a Dutch merchant shipwreck dating to a relatively tight time frame between 1652-1656. Hall explains that the “origins of the vessel and cargo place this wreck in the middle of a volatile competition between the English and Dutch for maritime, mercantile, and military supremacy in both Europe and the Americas. The “Pipe Wreck” may be one of the few maritime cultural resources that help to shed light on this fascinating era of history.”
Hall, Jerome L., "A Tobacconist's Dream: The Pipe Wreck, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic" in "Beneath the Seven Seas," edited by George F. Bass, pp. 152-5. New York and London, 2005.